Diabetes is a developing global issue that affects millions of people. While much is known about the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular and metabolic health, the link between diabetes and male fertility is receiving more attention. Research in recent years has shown that men with diabetes may face challenges in fertility, which can affect their ability to conceive naturally.
This article explains how diabetes, particularly type 1 and type 2, affects male fertility, and what can be done to minimise its impact.
The Link Between Diabetes and Male Fertility
Diabetes can affect male fertility in several ways. High blood sugar levels affect many bodily systems, including those necessary for reproduction. Here are some of the main factors through which diabetes can affect male fertility:
Erectile dysfunction is one of the most well-known complications of diabetes. Studies show that men with diabetes are more likely to experience ED due to damage to nerves and blood vessels, which is caused by high blood sugar levels over a long time. This can make it difficult to get or maintain an erection, which directly affects fertility.
Hormonal imbalances Diabetes can cause hormonal disruptions, particularly lowering testosterone levels. This condition, known as hypogonadism, leads to decreased sperm production and can affect libido, which can further reduce fertility. Disruptions in hormone balance can also affect other aspects of reproductive health.
Sperm quality and DNA damage Research has shown that diabetes can negatively impact sperm quality, affecting sperm count, motility (the ability of sperm to swim), and morphology (the shape of sperm). High glucose levels cause oxidative stress, which increases the likelihood of sperm DNA damage. Damaged sperm DNA can lead to infertility or an increased risk of miscarriage during pregnancy.
Retrograde ejaculation Another condition seen in men with diabetes is retrograde ejaculation, where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting during ejaculation. This is due to nerve damage caused by diabetes, which can prevent the proper functioning of the muscles that control ejaculation.
How do we recognize symptoms of diabetes-induced infertility?
While diabetes may not cause direct reproductive symptoms, it is critical to watch for indicators of diabetes and its consequences. These include the following:
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing wounds
- Increased risk of infections
- If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
